T32n1636_p0107a11:T32n1636_p0107a12:T32n1636_p0107a13:大乘集菩薩學論卷第十一
T32n1636_p0107a14:
T32n1636_p0107a15:
[*]西天譯經三藏朝散大夫
T32n1636_p0107a16:試鴻臚少卿宣梵大師賜紫
T32n1636_p0107a17:沙門臣日稱等奉 詔譯
T32n1636_p0107a18:清淨品第八之二T32n1636_p0107a19:論曰:復次應知說悔過行。如《[2]金光明經》偈云:
T32n1636_p0107a20:T32n1636_p0107a21:T32n1636_p0107a22:T32n1636_p0107a23:T32n1636_p0107a24:T32n1636_p0107a25:T32n1636_p0107a26:T32n1636_p0107a27:T32n1636_p0107a28:T32n1636_p0107a29:T32n1636_p0107b01:T32n1636_p0107b02:T32n1636_p0107b03:T32n1636_p0107b04:T32n1636_p0107b05:T32n1636_p0107b06:T32n1636_p0107b07:T32n1636_p0107b08:T32n1636_p0107b09:T32n1636_p0107b10:T32n1636_p0107b11:T32n1636_p0107b12:T32n1636_p0107b13:T32n1636_p0107b14:T32n1636_p0107b15:T32n1636_p0107b16:T32n1636_p0107b17:T32n1636_p0107b18:T32n1636_p0107b19:T32n1636_p0107b20:T32n1636_p0107b21:T32n1636_p0107b22:T32n1636_p0107b23:T32n1636_p0107b24:T32n1636_p0107b25:T32n1636_p0107b26:T32n1636_p0107b27: T32n1636_p0107b28:論曰:菩薩所得罪犯,約勝說有輕重。故《[5]優
T32n1636_p0107b29:波離所問經》云:「於根本罪等比而說,何者復
T32n1636_p0107c01:重?佛言:『優波離!住大乘菩薩如犯殑伽沙數
T32n1636_p0107c02:貪罪,與一瞋罪於菩薩乘為作校量,此二罪
T32n1636_p0107c03:中瞋唯屬重。所以者何?優波離!起瞋者捨離
T32n1636_p0107c04:眾生,然起貪者愛護眾生。優波離!若愛護眾
T32n1636_p0107c05:生則不為煩惱,於菩薩所無有災橫等怖。乃
T32n1636_p0107c06:至是故優波離!若有犯貪罪者皆名無罪。是
T32n1636_p0107c07:義云何?愛護眾生者如前增勝,故我說深心
T32n1636_p0107c08:有是悲愍。』佛言:『優波離!菩薩若無方便善巧
T32n1636_p0107c09:則畏犯貪罪,若菩薩有是方便善巧者則怖
T32n1636_p0107c10:犯瞋罪而不怖犯彼貪愛。何以故?方便善巧
T32n1636_p0107c11:者具悲智二種而不捨離眾生。若捨眾生者,
T32n1636_p0107c12:唯一智惠悟解苦空或唯悲愍,非久如間為
T32n1636_p0107c13:煩惱力之所減滅。』」如《方便善巧經》云:「善男子!
T32n1636_p0107c14:譬若[6]持明之人為彼羂索五處繫縛,以真言
T32n1636_p0107c15:王於所求法即能超越。由一真言明力,悉
T32n1636_p0107c16:能斷除一切縛法。善男子!是菩薩方便善巧
T32n1636_p0107c17:受五欲樂亦復如是,然於所作不亂正行,謂
T32n1636_p0107c18:若以一智力遍一切智心淨諸欲樂,當生梵
T32n1636_p0107c19:世。」
T32n1636_p0107c20:論曰:瞋義云何?謂本性為大罪故,由廣分
T32n1636_p0107c21:別不生方便悲愍,行恚怒者然非利益。何名
T32n1636_p0107c22:過失?以容受彼則長養煩惱、減失悲愍,斯為
T32n1636_p0107c23:過失。斷此根者後當可見。若菩薩如於眾生
T32n1636_p0107c24:失悲愍心,則於眾生廣大利益相續減失。故
T32n1636_p0107c25:〈[7]聖諦品〉云:「應知如父見子起悲愍心,謂若棄
T32n1636_p0107c26:[8]除世間利樂悲愍,則亦當遠諸有智。又若菩
T32n1636_p0107c27:薩勸行於欲,減失利益,是故說貪過[9]咎得二
T32n1636_p0107c28:種難。彼著欲者,譬無[10]目人違害父母,於下
T32n1636_p0107c29:劣欲而生苦惱、損減[11]天趣。又著欲者,毀犯禁
T32n1636_p0108a01:戒遠離人境。是故希求[A1]己樂、厭捨他苦非真
T32n1636_p0108a02:實見,應以他苦惱如己苦惱。然不自脩習,起
T32n1636_p0108a03:二種失。」如《月燈經》說:「佛告阿難:『假使有人從
T32n1636_p0108a04:足至頂洞然熾焰成一火聚,復有人來語如
T32n1636_p0108a05:是言:「我勸汝身共受五欲歌舞嬉戲。」』佛告阿
T32n1636_p0108a06:難:『於意云何?是人勸就此身可共五欲歌舞
T32n1636_p0108a07:嬉戲不?』阿難白言:『不也。世尊!』佛告阿難:『是
T32n1636_p0108a08:人於歌舞嬉戲,由分別橫起,勸就此身共受
T32n1636_p0108a09:五欲歌舞嬉戲。如來不爾。往昔修菩提行時,
T32n1636_p0108a10:見諸眾生三惡道苦及貧窮者,心無悅樂。』」
T32n1636_p0108a11:論曰:世間有子不見父母懷[1]檐痛苦有此大
T32n1636_p0108a12:恩,唯見己樂,或親非親愍惜覆藏。守護善法
T32n1636_p0108a13:幢者勿行邪欲,此於眾生或為利益或復損
T32n1636_p0108a14:害,謂若縈纏嗜彼欲者,斯為過咎;具正梵行,
T32n1636_p0108a15:作利益故。若比丘入是行處,應如母妹而供
T32n1636_p0108a16:侍之,不應於他如梵行類成就眾生固當遠
T32n1636_p0108a17:離。如《無盡意經》云:「於時非時復捨其所作,或
T32n1636_p0108a18:見眾生增上利益,亦住是學處。」又《方便善巧
T32n1636_p0108a19:經》云:「昔光明梵志於四萬二千歲中嚴持梵
T32n1636_p0108a20:行,住七步已發生悲愍:『設犯禁戒受地獄苦,
T32n1636_p0108a21:不應棄彼令趣命終。』善男子!是光明梵志即
T32n1636_p0108a22:時執彼右手,作如是言:『姊起!如其所欲。』以要
T32n1636_p0108a23:言之,善男子!如是深妙欲中起大悲心,於十
T32n1636_p0108a24:千劫受輪迴苦,後復還修梵行。善男子!以菩
T32n1636_p0108a25:薩方便善巧得生梵世。」彼經又說:「若有菩薩
T32n1636_p0108a26:為一眾生發善根者,於其色相如罪所墮,百
T32n1636_p0108a27:千劫中受地獄苦之所燒煮。世尊!彼菩薩然
T32n1636_p0108a28:起是罪無地獄苦,謂由於一眾生亦不捨離
T32n1636_p0108a29:此善根故。」彼經又云:「善男子!此方便善巧菩
T32n1636_p0108b01:薩有極重罪,謂或時遇惡知識勸就此蘊取
T32n1636_p0108b02:證涅[2]盤,然於後際不復堪任被斯鎧甲,何容
T32n1636_p0108b03:化度一切眾生?故我不起是心,如彼輪轉化
T32n1636_p0108b04:度眾生。又若設有是罪,如其法行使無過咎。
T32n1636_p0108b05:善男子!若出家菩薩一切分別所造過四重
T32n1636_p0108b06:罪,是菩薩具方便善巧者隨起即悔,說為無
T32n1636_p0108b07:罪。」如《寶雲經》所明:「造極無間者謂令人死。
T32n1636_p0108b08:[3]聲聞律中名根本罪處。又若𭄔剝鹿屬如起
T32n1636_p0108b09:悲愍,說為無罪。此貪得者,若菩薩起貪猶生
T32n1636_p0108b10:善趣,則不應瞋怒。如說方便善巧菩薩樂作
T32n1636_p0108b11:貪暗,於妙女色極樂修作,數數願求生女人
T32n1636_p0108b12:中。厭彼貪心捨女身已,得丈夫相成大身者。
T32n1636_p0108b13:佛告阿難:『汝見如是功德不?自餘眾生雖行
T32n1636_p0108b14:如是起猛利貪,然猶出離苦器生人天趣。乃
T32n1636_p0108b15:至藥王大士!云何菩薩起瞋?謂若發生煩惱,
T32n1636_p0108b16:何容施諸妙樂等。』」
T32n1636_p0108b17:論曰:若為此名聞,如是於餘眾生利益方便,
T32n1636_p0108b18:設起貪者說為無罪。此方便善巧菩薩所造
T32n1636_p0108b19:利益,而不棄捨眾生,廣如彼說。然非得地六
T32n1636_p0108b20:度妙行。於此伺察極善相應,是故不容瞋等。
T32n1636_p0108b21:又《優[A2]波離所問經》云:「佛言:『舍利子!菩薩有二
T32n1636_p0108b22:大罪。何等為二?謂心與瞋俱及與癡俱。乃至
T32n1636_p0108b23:舍利子!應先志誠懺十惡罪及五種𠎝,亦當
T32n1636_p0108b24:懺悔。謂手執眼觀心難制止,或於一眾生兼
T32n1636_p0108b25:餘二種。舍利子!復說有重五無間罪,謂具作。
T32n1636_p0108b26:此菩薩或時於他婦女染行非法、手斷命根、
T32n1636_p0108b27:盜佛塔物四方僧物。菩薩爾時如犯彼罪,應
T32n1636_p0108b28:向三十五如來前於晝夜中一懺悔云:「我某
T32n1636_p0108b29:甲,歸依佛、歸依法、歸依僧。
T32n1636_p0108c01:「『「那謨釋迦牟尼佛 那謨[4]金剛消伏壞散佛
T32n1636_p0108c02: 那謨[5]寶焰佛 那謨龍[6]自在王佛
T32n1636_p0108c03: 那謨[7]勇猛軍佛 那謨[8]勤勇喜佛
T32n1636_p0108c04: 那謨[9]寶火佛 那謨[10]寶月光佛
T32n1636_p0108c05: 那謨[11]不空見佛 那謨[12]寶月佛
T32n1636_p0108c06: 那謨[13]離垢佛 那謨[14]勇施佛
T32n1636_p0108c07: 那謨[15]梵德佛 那謨[16]梵施佛
T32n1636_p0108c08: 那謨[17]水王佛 那謨[18]水天佛
T32n1636_p0108c09: 那謨[19]賢吉祥佛 那謨[20]栴檀吉祥佛
T32n1636_p0108c10: 那謨[21]無邊威德佛 那謨[22]光吉祥佛
T32n1636_p0108c11: 那謨[23]無憂吉祥佛 那謨[24]那羅延佛
T32n1636_p0108c12: 那謨[25]華吉祥佛 那謨淨照明遊戲神通佛
T32n1636_p0108c13: 那謨蓮華光[26]游戲神通佛
T32n1636_p0108c14: 那謨[27]財吉祥佛 那謨[28]念吉祥佛
T32n1636_p0108c15: 那謨[29]善名稱吉祥佛
T32n1636_p0108c16: 那謨[30]因陀羅網幢王佛
T32n1636_p0108c17: 那謨[31]善游步吉祥佛 那謨[32]安祥行佛
T32n1636_p0108c18: 那謨[33]勝游步佛 那謨[34]普遍光嚴吉祥佛
T32n1636_p0108c19: 那謨[35]寶蓮華勝游步佛
T32n1636_p0108c20: 那謨[36]寶蓮華善住娑羅樹王佛
T32n1636_p0108c21:「『「如是現前乃至一切世界如來、應供、正等正
T32n1636_p0108c22:覺,惟佛世尊觀察護念,我於今生或至餘生,
T32n1636_p0108c23:及無始來生死輪轉造業障罪,自作教他見
T32n1636_p0108c24:作隨喜,或盜窣堵波物四方僧物,五無間業、
T32n1636_p0108c25:十不善業道,自作教他、見作隨喜。由斯業障
T32n1636_p0108c26:毀除禁戒應墮地獄或旁生趣、焰[37]魔境界,
T32n1636_p0108c27:若生邊地及蔑戾車、生長壽天。設得為人,諸
T32n1636_p0108c28:根不具、深著邪見、離佛出世。此諸業障,佛以
T32n1636_p0108c29:真實惠、真實眼、真實證明、真實稱量,悉知悉
T32n1636_p0109a01:見,今悉懺悔不敢覆藏。若我毀犯禁戒等罪,
T32n1636_p0109a02:願佛世尊觀察哀愍。若我今生或至餘生,及
T32n1636_p0109a03:無始來生死輪轉,乃至於旁生趣,或嘗施一
T32n1636_p0109a04:摶食護一淨戒,若脩梵行所有善根,化度眾
T32n1636_p0109a05:生發菩提心,及無上智一切善根。如稱量已,
T32n1636_p0109a06:無不迴向最上最勝阿耨多羅三藐三菩提
T32n1636_p0109a07:果,我今亦如過去未來現在諸佛之所迴向。」
T32n1636_p0109a08:乃至偈云:
T32n1636_p0109a09:T32n1636_p0109a10:T32n1636_p0109a11:T32n1636_p0109a12: T32n1636_p0109a13:「『舍利子!是菩薩於三十五如來前如是作已,
T32n1636_p0109a14:是諸如來隨知作意,得罪清淨。由罪清淨故,
T32n1636_p0109a15:此諸佛世尊當現其前。如是解脫利益眾生
T32n1636_p0109a16:現諸相好。由是愚夫異生於此化度輒生疑
T32n1636_p0109a17:惑,乃至一切聲聞及緣覺眾而不能使彼惡
T32n1636_p0109a18:作罪處清淨地。若有菩薩於此諸佛如來名
T32n1636_p0109a19:號而常持念,晝夜三時轉正法行,出離彼罪
T32n1636_p0109a20:得三摩地,說此是名悔過及對治行。』」
T32n1636_p0109a21:論曰:讀誦甚深經典得彼罪滅。如《[1]能斷金
T32n1636_p0109a22:剛般若波羅蜜多經》云:「復次須菩提!若善男
T32n1636_p0109a23:子善女人受持讀誦此經,若為人輕賤。所以
T32n1636_p0109a24:者何?是人先世所造罪業,應墮惡道;由見是
T32n1636_p0109a25:法,以今世人輕賤故,先世罪業則為消滅,得
T32n1636_p0109a26:佛菩提等。」
T32n1636_p0109a27:論曰:信解空性,得罪惡清淨故。《[2]如來藏經》云:
T32n1636_p0109a28:「佛言:『迦葉波!有十不善業道,是為大罪。此
T32n1636_p0109a29:最極殺生者,謂若殺父、斷緣覺命。最極不與
T32n1636_p0109b01:取者,謂若欺奪三寶財物。最極欲邪行者,謂
T32n1636_p0109b02:起污母及無學尼。最極妄語者,謂言我是如
T32n1636_p0109b03:來。最極兩舌者,謂於聖眾作離間語。最極惡
T32n1636_p0109b04:口者,謂呵毀聖賢。最極綺語者,謂巧構浮飾
T32n1636_p0109b05:亂諸法欲。最極貪者,於正道財利起侵奪心。
T32n1636_p0109b06:最極瞋者,於五無間無悲愍心。最極邪見者,
T32n1636_p0109b07:謂橫起僻執深險惡見。迦葉波!若一眾生具
T32n1636_p0109b08:足如是十不善業道大罪者,如來以是因緣
T32n1636_p0109b09:宣說法要,為令悟入無我、無人、無眾生、無命
T32n1636_p0109b10:者、無作、無受,是行是造作、是幻化。然諸法性
T32n1636_p0109b11:即煩惱性,入解諸法自體明亮,信解諸法種
T32n1636_p0109b12:種清淨,我不說有眾生墮惡趣者。』」又《淨諸業
T32n1636_p0109b13:障經》云:「復次文殊師利!若菩薩觀非律是律
T32n1636_p0109b14:則見罪非罪,觀輪回界即涅槃界則見諸煩
T32n1636_p0109b15:惱是為緣生,當知是人得業障清淨。」又《底哩
T32n1636_p0109b16:三昧耶王經》說對治行云:「若閉目觀緣諸佛
T32n1636_p0109b17:菩薩,誦百字明八千遍已,開眼備覩佛菩薩
T32n1636_p0109b18:等,得離彼罪。或右繞佛塔,誦八千遍塔像經
T32n1636_p0109b19:典,隨一現前,如儀廣說。」又《[3]尊那陀羅尼經》
T32n1636_p0109b20:云:「若念誦已,乃至夢見是相,得滅彼罪。若
T32n1636_p0109b21:夢天女授乳酪飯,得離彼罪。或見日月昇虛
T32n1636_p0109b22:空中,猛火水牛及黑丈夫怖走而去。又若夢
T32n1636_p0109b23:見比丘比丘尼眾、或乳木樹、白象白牛、山峯
T32n1636_p0109b24:[4]舡舫、處大殿堂及師子座聽聞妙法,應知悉
T32n1636_p0109b25:是罪滅之相。」又〈[5]如來形像品〉說對治行云:「譬
T32n1636_p0109b26:若有人不淨塗身臭惡可厭,以水洗灌施妙
T32n1636_p0109b27:塗香,而彼臭惡即時遠離。如是造作五無間
T32n1636_p0109b28:罪、具足遍行十不善業道,若得信解如來造
T32n1636_p0109b29:佛形像,得離彼罪。由無罪故,智惠殊勝具菩
T32n1636_p0109c01:提心。由殊勝故,而或出家堅持淨戒。」《[6]花積陀
T32n1636_p0109c02:羅尼經》云:「爾時師子遊戲如來當住於世,經
T32n1636_p0109c03:百千歲施諸妙樂。時彼如來般涅盤後起舍
T32n1636_p0109c04:利塔,若人以菩提心持彼一花供養如來,合
T32n1636_p0109c05:掌稱名或[7]洒水為淨,及一花鬘塗香花燈,乃
T32n1636_p0109c06:至身行一步超諸言說稱南無佛,於彼師子
T32n1636_p0109c07:游戲如[8]來勿應疑惑,若於一劫百劫千劫返
T32n1636_p0109c08:墮惡道者則無有是處。」又《藥師瑠璃光王經》
T32n1636_p0109c09:云:「若持五戒、十戒、菩薩四重戒、出家比丘二
T32n1636_p0109c10:百五十戒、比丘尼五百戒,如於所受或有毀
T32n1636_p0109c11:犯怖墮惡道,若人專念藥師瑠璃光王如來
T32n1636_p0109c12:名號,如其供養,是人決定不墮惡趣。爾時世
T32n1636_p0109c13:尊告阿難言:『若我稱讚彼佛世尊藥師瑠璃
T32n1636_p0109c14:光王如來所有功德,是為諸佛甚深境界,汝
T32n1636_p0109c15:無疑惑生實信不?』爾時具壽阿難陀白佛言:
T32n1636_p0109c16:『世尊!我於如來所說經中不生疑惑。所以者
T32n1636_p0109c17:何?一切如來身語意中所集善行無不清淨。
T32n1636_p0109c18:世尊!此日月輪最為高遠、具大威光可使墜
T32n1636_p0109c19:地,妙高山王亦可傾動,是諸佛言終無異也。
T32n1636_p0109c20:世尊!然有眾生信根不具,聞說諸佛甚深境
T32n1636_p0109c21:界,便發是言:「由何唯念一如來名,便獲爾所
T32n1636_p0109c22:功德勝利?」由斯不信便生誹謗,於長夜中退
T32n1636_p0109c23:失利樂。』佛告阿難:『若聞彼佛名墮惡趣者,無
T32n1636_p0109c24:有是處。阿難!此是諸佛甚深境界,難可信解。
T32n1636_p0109c25:阿難!汝信解者,應知皆是如來威神之所建
T32n1636_p0109c26:立,非諸聲聞緣覺未登地者,唯除一生所繫
T32n1636_p0109c27:菩薩摩訶薩。』」故彼經又云:「若餘淨信善男子、
T32n1636_p0109c28:善女人、鄔波索迦、鄔波斯迦,具足八分齋戒,
T32n1636_p0109c29:一年三年受是學處,以此善根願生西方極
T32n1636_p0110a01:樂世界無量壽如來前者,若得聞是藥師瑠
T32n1636_p0110a02:璃光王如來名號,是人臨命終時,八大菩薩
T32n1636_p0110a03:皆以神通來示正道。復有種種間色,世所希
T32n1636_p0110a04:有,眾寶蓮華自然化生,或復生於天上。如是
T32n1636_p0110a05:生處而宿植善根,彼無窮盡,亦復無有墮惡
T32n1636_p0110a06:道怖。彼天歿已復生人世,為轉輪王統四大
T32n1636_p0110a07:洲。」
T32n1636_p0110a08:大乘集菩薩學論卷第十一